@InProceedings{TomasellaBoOrRoCuNoPr:2010:HyReAm,
               author = "Tomasella, Javier and Borma, Laura and Orsini, Jos{\'e} Antonio 
                         Marengo and Rodriguez, Daniel Andr{\'e}s and Cuartas, L Adriana 
                         and Nobre, Carlos Afonso and Prado, Maria Cecilia Rodrigues do",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Hydrological Response of the Amazon River to the Droughts of 
                         1996-97 and 2004-2005 (Invited)",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2010",
         organization = "The Meeting of the Americas.",
            publisher = "AGU",
             keywords = "climate impacts, drought, extreme events, floodplain dynamics.",
             abstract = "Severe hydrological droughts in the Amazon have generally been 
                         associated to strong El Niņo events. More than 100 years of stage 
                         record at the port of Manaus confirm that minimum water levels 
                         generally coincide with intense warming in the tropical Pacific 
                         sea waters. During 2005, however, the Amazon experienced a severe 
                         drought with great ecological and social impact, and who was not 
                         associated to an El Niņo event. Unless what usually occur during 
                         strong El Niņo events, when negative rainfall anomalies usually 
                         affect central and eastern Amazon drainage basin; rainfall 
                         deficiencies in the drought of 2005 were spatially constrained to 
                         the west and southwest of the basin. In spite of this, discharge 
                         stations at the main stem recorded minimum water levels as low as 
                         those observed during the basin-wide 1996-97 El Niņo related 
                         drought. Besides this, stage data and satellite images indicate 
                         that floodplain lakes surface areas were more reduced during the 
                         recent drought. This paper examines why river discharges were so 
                         low during the 2005, even though rainfall deficits were restricted 
                         to a fraction of the whole basin, and why the impacts on the main 
                         stem floodplain were so severe. The analysis of river discharges 
                         along the main stem and major tributaries during the drought of 
                         2005 revealed that the recession on major tributaries began almost 
                         simultaneously. This was not the case in the 1996-97 drought, when 
                         above normal contribution of some tributaries for a short period 
                         during high water were crucial to partially counter balance high 
                         discharge deficits of the other tributaries. Since time-lagged 
                         contributions of major tributaries are fundamental to damp the 
                         extremes in the main stem, an almost coincident recession in 
                         almost all tributaries caused a rapid decreased of water 
                         discharges during the 2005 event. Perhaps one of the most 
                         important lessons to be learnt from the drought of 2005 is that, 
                         from a hydrological point of view, more importantly than the size 
                         of the area affected by negative rainfall anomalies is the timing 
                         and location where those rainfall deficits occur. In conclusion, 
                         localized drought might have a greater impact on main stem river 
                         discharges providing rainfall deficiencies produces a simultaneous 
                         recession of major tributaries.",
  conference-location = "Foz do Igua{\c{c}}u",
      conference-year = "8-12 aug. 2010",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Tomasella_Hydrological.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "21 maio 2024"
}